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The environmental impacts of transportation and industrialization are significantly high, as both
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Abstract: (60 Views) |
The environmental impacts of transportation and industrialization are significantly high, as both essentially consume large amounts of energy and fossil fuels, which leads to increased air pollution. This study examined the possible linkages between air transportation freight, combustible renewables and waste, foreign direct investment, and carbon dioxide emissions in Middle Eastern countries using time series data from 1975 to 2022. The results of this study suggest that foreign direct investment (FDI) significantly increases carbon emissions, thus supporting the pollution haven hypothesis in both the short and long term. The impact of fuel imports on carbon emissions is positive, supporting the “pollution haven” hypothesis. the impulse response function functions also show that carbon emissions increase under the impact of air transportation freight, direct investment inflows, and fuel imports. But combustible renewable and waste have reduced carbon emissions. In addition, the variance decomposition shows that fuel imports will make high variance shock effects on carbon emissions in the long run. Therefore, a comprehensive and multifaceted approach is necessary to counter the negative effects of the pollution haven hypothesis. This approach should include strengthening environmental laws, transferring green technologies, promoting public awareness, and international cooperation. By implementing these policies, host countries can prevent environmental and public health degradation while attracting foreign investment and creating economic growth.
JEL Classification: F21، E22، Q56.
Keywords: Air transportation freight, Combustible renewables and waste, Environmental Kuznets curve, Middle East countries. |
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| Keywords: JEL Classification: F21, E22, Q56.
Air transportation freight, Combustible renewables and waste, Environmental Kuznets curve, Middle East countries. |
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Full-Text [PDF 1090 kb]
(71 Downloads)
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Type of Study: paper |
Subject:
انرژي هاي تجديدپذير و تجديدناپذير
Received: 2025/05/6 | Accepted: 2024/12/30 | Published: 2024/12/30 | ePublished: 2024/12/30
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